血栓形成的诊断

血栓形成的诊断：认识危险因素与疾病

静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）是排在第三位的最常见的心血管疾病，位列缺血性心脏病以及脑卒中之后。VTE的死亡率相对较高，在住院患者中，约12％的VTE事件是致命性的。^{3, 40}

在实施抗凝治疗之前消极等待VTE的症状和体征的出现会增加发生严重血栓栓塞事件的风险。³这些事件可能是突发而致命的，比如肺动脉栓塞（PE），或者可能导致远期的并发症，如血栓后综合征、肺动脉高压等。

最有效和最经济的降低VTE风险的措施是防止高风险患者发生DVT。³当然，当患者发生VTE或其他血栓栓塞性疾病后，进行及时的诊断和治疗是降低发病和死亡率所必须的。⁴¹

对于VTE而言，最佳的医疗措施是明确患者面临的血栓形成风险并采取适当的预防性措施。当需要进行心脏复律治疗时，可在影像学的指导下进行。²²

对于急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的诊断，以下这些信息是至关重要的：患者病史、查体结果、心电图资料、心脏生物标记物测定，对某些病例，还需要影像学检查。²³

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